reth_rpc_eth_api/helpers/call.rs
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//! Loads a pending block from database. Helper trait for `eth_` transaction, call and trace RPC
//! methods.
use crate::{
AsEthApiError, FromEthApiError, FromEvmError, FullEthApiTypes, IntoEthApiError, RpcBlock,
};
use alloy_eips::{eip1559::calc_next_block_base_fee, eip2930::AccessListResult};
use alloy_primitives::{Bytes, TxKind, B256, U256};
use alloy_rpc_types::{
simulate::{SimBlock, SimulatePayload, SimulatedBlock},
state::{EvmOverrides, StateOverride},
BlockId, Bundle, EthCallResponse, StateContext, TransactionInfo,
};
use alloy_rpc_types_eth::transaction::TransactionRequest;
use futures::Future;
use reth_chainspec::{EthChainSpec, MIN_TRANSACTION_GAS};
use reth_evm::{ConfigureEvm, ConfigureEvmEnv};
use reth_primitives::{
revm_primitives::{
BlockEnv, CfgEnvWithHandlerCfg, EnvWithHandlerCfg, ExecutionResult, HaltReason,
ResultAndState, TransactTo, TxEnv,
},
Header, TransactionSignedEcRecovered,
};
use reth_provider::{ChainSpecProvider, HeaderProvider, StateProvider};
use reth_revm::{database::StateProviderDatabase, db::CacheDB, DatabaseRef};
use reth_rpc_eth_types::{
cache::db::{StateCacheDbRefMutWrapper, StateProviderTraitObjWrapper},
error::ensure_success,
revm_utils::{
apply_block_overrides, apply_state_overrides, caller_gas_allowance,
cap_tx_gas_limit_with_caller_allowance, get_precompiles, CallFees,
},
simulate::{self, EthSimulateError},
EthApiError, RevertError, RpcInvalidTransactionError, StateCacheDb,
};
use reth_rpc_server_types::constants::gas_oracle::{CALL_STIPEND_GAS, ESTIMATE_GAS_ERROR_RATIO};
use revm::{Database, DatabaseCommit, GetInspector};
use revm_inspectors::{access_list::AccessListInspector, transfer::TransferInspector};
use tracing::trace;
use super::{LoadBlock, LoadPendingBlock, LoadState, LoadTransaction, SpawnBlocking, Trace};
/// Execution related functions for the [`EthApiServer`](crate::EthApiServer) trait in
/// the `eth_` namespace.
pub trait EthCall: Call + LoadPendingBlock {
/// Estimate gas needed for execution of the `request` at the [`BlockId`].
fn estimate_gas_at(
&self,
request: TransactionRequest,
at: BlockId,
state_override: Option<StateOverride>,
) -> impl Future<Output = Result<U256, Self::Error>> + Send {
Call::estimate_gas_at(self, request, at, state_override)
}
/// `eth_simulateV1` executes an arbitrary number of transactions on top of the requested state.
/// The transactions are packed into individual blocks. Overrides can be provided.
///
/// See also: <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/27720>
fn simulate_v1(
&self,
payload: SimulatePayload,
block: Option<BlockId>,
) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Vec<SimulatedBlock<RpcBlock<Self::NetworkTypes>>>, Self::Error>>
+ Send
where
Self: LoadBlock + FullEthApiTypes,
{
async move {
if payload.block_state_calls.len() > self.max_simulate_blocks() as usize {
return Err(EthApiError::InvalidParams("too many blocks.".to_string()).into())
}
let SimulatePayload {
block_state_calls,
trace_transfers,
validation,
return_full_transactions,
} = payload;
if block_state_calls.is_empty() {
return Err(EthApiError::InvalidParams(String::from("calls are empty.")).into())
}
// Build cfg and block env, we'll reuse those.
let (mut cfg, mut block_env, block) =
self.evm_env_at(block.unwrap_or_default()).await?;
// Gas cap for entire operation
let total_gas_limit = self.call_gas_limit();
let base_block = self.block(block).await?.ok_or(EthApiError::HeaderNotFound(block))?;
let mut parent_hash = base_block.header.hash();
let total_difficulty = LoadPendingBlock::provider(self)
.header_td_by_number(block_env.number.to())
.map_err(Self::Error::from_eth_err)?
.ok_or(EthApiError::HeaderNotFound(block))?;
// Only enforce base fee if validation is enabled
cfg.disable_base_fee = !validation;
// Always disable EIP-3607
cfg.disable_eip3607 = true;
let this = self.clone();
self.spawn_with_state_at_block(block, move |state| {
let mut db = CacheDB::new(StateProviderDatabase::new(state));
let mut blocks: Vec<SimulatedBlock<RpcBlock<Self::NetworkTypes>>> =
Vec::with_capacity(block_state_calls.len());
let mut gas_used = 0;
for block in block_state_calls {
// Increase number and timestamp for every new block
block_env.number += U256::from(1);
block_env.timestamp += U256::from(1);
if validation {
let chain_spec = LoadPendingBlock::provider(&this).chain_spec();
let base_fee_params =
chain_spec.base_fee_params_at_timestamp(block_env.timestamp.to());
let base_fee = if let Some(latest) = blocks.last() {
let header = &latest.inner.header;
calc_next_block_base_fee(
header.gas_used,
header.gas_limit,
header.base_fee_per_gas.unwrap_or_default(),
base_fee_params,
)
} else {
base_block
.header
.next_block_base_fee(base_fee_params)
.unwrap_or_default()
};
block_env.basefee = U256::from(base_fee);
} else {
block_env.basefee = U256::ZERO;
}
let SimBlock { block_overrides, state_overrides, mut calls } = block;
if let Some(block_overrides) = block_overrides {
apply_block_overrides(block_overrides, &mut db, &mut block_env);
}
if let Some(state_overrides) = state_overrides {
apply_state_overrides(state_overrides, &mut db)?;
}
if (total_gas_limit - gas_used) < block_env.gas_limit.to() {
return Err(
EthApiError::Other(Box::new(EthSimulateError::GasLimitReached)).into()
)
}
// Resolve transactions, populate missing fields and enforce calls correctness.
let transactions = simulate::resolve_transactions(
&mut calls,
validation,
block_env.gas_limit.to(),
cfg.chain_id,
&mut db,
)?;
let mut calls = calls.into_iter().peekable();
let mut results = Vec::with_capacity(calls.len());
while let Some(tx) = calls.next() {
let env = this.build_call_evm_env(cfg.clone(), block_env.clone(), tx)?;
let (res, env) = {
if trace_transfers {
this.transact_with_inspector(
&mut db,
env,
TransferInspector::new(false).with_logs(true),
)?
} else {
this.transact(&mut db, env)?
}
};
if calls.peek().is_some() {
// need to apply the state changes of this call before executing the
// next call
db.commit(res.state);
}
results.push((env.tx.caller, res.result));
}
let block = simulate::build_block::<Self::TransactionCompat>(
results,
transactions,
&block_env,
parent_hash,
total_difficulty,
return_full_transactions,
&db,
)?;
parent_hash = block.inner.header.hash;
gas_used += block.inner.header.gas_used;
blocks.push(block);
}
Ok(blocks)
})
.await
}
}
/// Executes the call request (`eth_call`) and returns the output
fn call(
&self,
request: TransactionRequest,
block_number: Option<BlockId>,
overrides: EvmOverrides,
) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Bytes, Self::Error>> + Send {
async move {
let (res, _env) =
self.transact_call_at(request, block_number.unwrap_or_default(), overrides).await?;
ensure_success(res.result).map_err(Self::Error::from_eth_err)
}
}
/// Simulate arbitrary number of transactions at an arbitrary blockchain index, with the
/// optionality of state overrides
fn call_many(
&self,
bundle: Bundle,
state_context: Option<StateContext>,
mut state_override: Option<StateOverride>,
) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Vec<EthCallResponse>, Self::Error>> + Send
where
Self: LoadBlock,
{
async move {
let Bundle { transactions, block_override } = bundle;
if transactions.is_empty() {
return Err(
EthApiError::InvalidParams(String::from("transactions are empty.")).into()
)
}
let StateContext { transaction_index, block_number } =
state_context.unwrap_or_default();
let transaction_index = transaction_index.unwrap_or_default();
let target_block = block_number.unwrap_or_default();
let is_block_target_pending = target_block.is_pending();
let ((cfg, block_env, _), block) = futures::try_join!(
self.evm_env_at(target_block),
self.block_with_senders(target_block)
)?;
let block = block.ok_or(EthApiError::HeaderNotFound(target_block))?;
// we're essentially replaying the transactions in the block here, hence we need the
// state that points to the beginning of the block, which is the state at
// the parent block
let mut at = block.parent_hash;
let mut replay_block_txs = true;
let num_txs = transaction_index.index().unwrap_or(block.body.transactions.len());
// but if all transactions are to be replayed, we can use the state at the block itself,
// however only if we're not targeting the pending block, because for pending we can't
// rely on the block's state being available
if !is_block_target_pending && num_txs == block.body.transactions.len() {
at = block.hash();
replay_block_txs = false;
}
let this = self.clone();
self.spawn_with_state_at_block(at.into(), move |state| {
let mut results = Vec::with_capacity(transactions.len());
let mut db = CacheDB::new(StateProviderDatabase::new(state));
if replay_block_txs {
// only need to replay the transactions in the block if not all transactions are
// to be replayed
let transactions = block.into_transactions_ecrecovered().take(num_txs);
for tx in transactions {
let env = EnvWithHandlerCfg::new_with_cfg_env(
cfg.clone(),
block_env.clone(),
Call::evm_config(&this).tx_env(&tx),
);
let (res, _) = this.transact(&mut db, env)?;
db.commit(res.state);
}
}
let block_overrides = block_override.map(Box::new);
let mut transactions = transactions.into_iter().peekable();
while let Some(tx) = transactions.next() {
// apply state overrides only once, before the first transaction
let state_overrides = state_override.take();
let overrides = EvmOverrides::new(state_overrides, block_overrides.clone());
let env = this
.prepare_call_env(cfg.clone(), block_env.clone(), tx, &mut db, overrides)
.map(Into::into)?;
let (res, _) = this.transact(&mut db, env)?;
match ensure_success(res.result) {
Ok(output) => {
results.push(EthCallResponse { value: Some(output), error: None });
}
Err(err) => {
results.push(EthCallResponse {
value: None,
error: Some(err.to_string()),
});
}
}
if transactions.peek().is_some() {
// need to apply the state changes of this call before executing the next
// call
db.commit(res.state);
}
}
Ok(results)
})
.await
}
}
/// Creates [`AccessListResult`] for the [`TransactionRequest`] at the given
/// [`BlockId`], or latest block.
fn create_access_list_at(
&self,
request: TransactionRequest,
block_number: Option<BlockId>,
) -> impl Future<Output = Result<AccessListResult, Self::Error>> + Send
where
Self: Trace,
{
async move {
let block_id = block_number.unwrap_or_default();
let (cfg, block, at) = self.evm_env_at(block_id).await?;
self.spawn_blocking_io(move |this| {
this.create_access_list_with(cfg, block, at, request)
})
.await
}
}
/// Creates [`AccessListResult`] for the [`TransactionRequest`] at the given
/// [`BlockId`].
fn create_access_list_with(
&self,
cfg: CfgEnvWithHandlerCfg,
block: BlockEnv,
at: BlockId,
mut request: TransactionRequest,
) -> Result<AccessListResult, Self::Error>
where
Self: Trace,
{
let state = self.state_at_block_id(at)?;
let mut env = self.build_call_evm_env(cfg, block, request.clone())?;
// we want to disable this in eth_createAccessList, since this is common practice used by
// other node impls and providers <https://github.com/foundry-rs/foundry/issues/4388>
env.cfg.disable_block_gas_limit = true;
// The basefee should be ignored for eth_createAccessList
// See:
// <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/8990c92aea01ca07801597b00c0d83d4e2d9b811/internal/ethapi/api.go#L1476-L1476>
env.cfg.disable_base_fee = true;
let mut db = CacheDB::new(StateProviderDatabase::new(state));
if request.gas.is_none() && env.tx.gas_price > U256::ZERO {
// no gas limit was provided in the request, so we need to cap the request's gas limit
cap_tx_gas_limit_with_caller_allowance(&mut db, &mut env.tx)?;
}
let from = request.from.unwrap_or_default();
let to = if let Some(TxKind::Call(to)) = request.to {
to
} else {
let nonce =
db.basic_ref(from).map_err(Self::Error::from_eth_err)?.unwrap_or_default().nonce;
from.create(nonce)
};
// can consume the list since we're not using the request anymore
let initial = request.access_list.take().unwrap_or_default();
let precompiles = get_precompiles(env.handler_cfg.spec_id);
let mut inspector = AccessListInspector::new(initial, from, to, precompiles);
let (result, mut env) = self.inspect(&mut db, env, &mut inspector)?;
let access_list = inspector.into_access_list();
env.tx.access_list = access_list.to_vec();
match result.result {
ExecutionResult::Halt { reason, gas_used } => {
let error =
Some(RpcInvalidTransactionError::halt(reason, env.tx.gas_limit).to_string());
return Ok(AccessListResult { access_list, gas_used: U256::from(gas_used), error })
}
ExecutionResult::Revert { output, gas_used } => {
let error = Some(RevertError::new(output).to_string());
return Ok(AccessListResult { access_list, gas_used: U256::from(gas_used), error })
}
ExecutionResult::Success { .. } => {}
};
// transact again to get the exact gas used
let (result, env) = self.transact(&mut db, env)?;
let res = match result.result {
ExecutionResult::Halt { reason, gas_used } => {
let error =
Some(RpcInvalidTransactionError::halt(reason, env.tx.gas_limit).to_string());
AccessListResult { access_list, gas_used: U256::from(gas_used), error }
}
ExecutionResult::Revert { output, gas_used } => {
let error = Some(RevertError::new(output).to_string());
AccessListResult { access_list, gas_used: U256::from(gas_used), error }
}
ExecutionResult::Success { gas_used, .. } => {
AccessListResult { access_list, gas_used: U256::from(gas_used), error: None }
}
};
Ok(res)
}
}
/// Executes code on state.
pub trait Call: LoadState + SpawnBlocking {
/// Returns default gas limit to use for `eth_call` and tracing RPC methods.
///
/// Data access in default trait method implementations.
fn call_gas_limit(&self) -> u64;
/// Returns the maximum number of blocks accepted for `eth_simulateV1`.
fn max_simulate_blocks(&self) -> u64;
/// Returns a handle for reading evm config.
///
/// Data access in default (L1) trait method implementations.
fn evm_config(&self) -> &impl ConfigureEvm<Header = Header>;
/// Executes the closure with the state that corresponds to the given [`BlockId`].
fn with_state_at_block<F, R>(&self, at: BlockId, f: F) -> Result<R, Self::Error>
where
F: FnOnce(StateProviderTraitObjWrapper<'_>) -> Result<R, Self::Error>,
{
let state = self.state_at_block_id(at)?;
f(StateProviderTraitObjWrapper(&state))
}
/// Executes the [`EnvWithHandlerCfg`] against the given [Database] without committing state
/// changes.
fn transact<DB>(
&self,
db: DB,
env: EnvWithHandlerCfg,
) -> Result<(ResultAndState, EnvWithHandlerCfg), Self::Error>
where
DB: Database,
EthApiError: From<DB::Error>,
{
let mut evm = self.evm_config().evm_with_env(db, env);
let res = evm.transact().map_err(Self::Error::from_evm_err)?;
let (_, env) = evm.into_db_and_env_with_handler_cfg();
Ok((res, env))
}
/// Executes the [`EnvWithHandlerCfg`] against the given [Database] without committing state
/// changes.
fn transact_with_inspector<DB>(
&self,
db: DB,
env: EnvWithHandlerCfg,
inspector: impl GetInspector<DB>,
) -> Result<(ResultAndState, EnvWithHandlerCfg), Self::Error>
where
DB: Database,
EthApiError: From<DB::Error>,
{
let mut evm = self.evm_config().evm_with_env_and_inspector(db, env, inspector);
let res = evm.transact().map_err(Self::Error::from_evm_err)?;
let (_, env) = evm.into_db_and_env_with_handler_cfg();
Ok((res, env))
}
/// Executes the call request at the given [`BlockId`].
fn transact_call_at(
&self,
request: TransactionRequest,
at: BlockId,
overrides: EvmOverrides,
) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(ResultAndState, EnvWithHandlerCfg), Self::Error>> + Send
where
Self: LoadPendingBlock,
{
let this = self.clone();
self.spawn_with_call_at(request, at, overrides, move |db, env| this.transact(db, env))
}
/// Executes the closure with the state that corresponds to the given [`BlockId`] on a new task
fn spawn_with_state_at_block<F, R>(
&self,
at: BlockId,
f: F,
) -> impl Future<Output = Result<R, Self::Error>> + Send
where
F: FnOnce(StateProviderTraitObjWrapper<'_>) -> Result<R, Self::Error> + Send + 'static,
R: Send + 'static,
{
self.spawn_tracing(move |this| {
let state = this.state_at_block_id(at)?;
f(StateProviderTraitObjWrapper(&state))
})
}
/// Prepares the state and env for the given [`TransactionRequest`] at the given [`BlockId`] and
/// executes the closure on a new task returning the result of the closure.
///
/// This returns the configured [`EnvWithHandlerCfg`] for the given [`TransactionRequest`] at
/// the given [`BlockId`] and with configured call settings: `prepare_call_env`.
fn spawn_with_call_at<F, R>(
&self,
request: TransactionRequest,
at: BlockId,
overrides: EvmOverrides,
f: F,
) -> impl Future<Output = Result<R, Self::Error>> + Send
where
Self: LoadPendingBlock,
F: FnOnce(StateCacheDbRefMutWrapper<'_, '_>, EnvWithHandlerCfg) -> Result<R, Self::Error>
+ Send
+ 'static,
R: Send + 'static,
{
async move {
let (cfg, block_env, at) = self.evm_env_at(at).await?;
let this = self.clone();
self.spawn_tracing(move |_| {
let state = this.state_at_block_id(at)?;
let mut db =
CacheDB::new(StateProviderDatabase::new(StateProviderTraitObjWrapper(&state)));
let env = this.prepare_call_env(cfg, block_env, request, &mut db, overrides)?;
f(StateCacheDbRefMutWrapper(&mut db), env)
})
.await
}
}
/// Retrieves the transaction if it exists and executes it.
///
/// Before the transaction is executed, all previous transaction in the block are applied to the
/// state by executing them first.
/// The callback `f` is invoked with the [`ResultAndState`] after the transaction was executed
/// and the database that points to the beginning of the transaction.
///
/// Note: Implementers should use a threadpool where blocking is allowed, such as
/// [`BlockingTaskPool`](reth_tasks::pool::BlockingTaskPool).
fn spawn_replay_transaction<F, R>(
&self,
hash: B256,
f: F,
) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<R>, Self::Error>> + Send
where
Self: LoadBlock + LoadPendingBlock + LoadTransaction,
F: FnOnce(TransactionInfo, ResultAndState, StateCacheDb<'_>) -> Result<R, Self::Error>
+ Send
+ 'static,
R: Send + 'static,
{
async move {
let (transaction, block) = match self.transaction_and_block(hash).await? {
None => return Ok(None),
Some(res) => res,
};
let (tx, tx_info) = transaction.split();
let (cfg, block_env, _) = self.evm_env_at(block.hash().into()).await?;
// we need to get the state of the parent block because we're essentially replaying the
// block the transaction is included in
let parent_block = block.parent_hash;
let block_txs = block.into_transactions_ecrecovered();
let this = self.clone();
self.spawn_with_state_at_block(parent_block.into(), move |state| {
let mut db = CacheDB::new(StateProviderDatabase::new(state));
// replay all transactions prior to the targeted transaction
this.replay_transactions_until(
&mut db,
cfg.clone(),
block_env.clone(),
block_txs,
tx.hash,
)?;
let env = EnvWithHandlerCfg::new_with_cfg_env(
cfg,
block_env,
Call::evm_config(&this).tx_env(&tx),
);
let (res, _) = this.transact(&mut db, env)?;
f(tx_info, res, db)
})
.await
.map(Some)
}
}
/// Replays all the transactions until the target transaction is found.
///
/// All transactions before the target transaction are executed and their changes are written to
/// the _runtime_ db ([`CacheDB`]).
///
/// Note: This assumes the target transaction is in the given iterator.
/// Returns the index of the target transaction in the given iterator.
fn replay_transactions_until<DB>(
&self,
db: &mut CacheDB<DB>,
cfg: CfgEnvWithHandlerCfg,
block_env: BlockEnv,
transactions: impl IntoIterator<Item = TransactionSignedEcRecovered>,
target_tx_hash: B256,
) -> Result<usize, Self::Error>
where
DB: DatabaseRef,
EthApiError: From<DB::Error>,
{
let env = EnvWithHandlerCfg::new_with_cfg_env(cfg, block_env, Default::default());
let mut evm = self.evm_config().evm_with_env(db, env);
let mut index = 0;
for tx in transactions {
if tx.hash() == target_tx_hash {
// reached the target transaction
break
}
let sender = tx.signer();
self.evm_config().fill_tx_env(evm.tx_mut(), &tx.into_signed(), sender);
evm.transact_commit().map_err(Self::Error::from_evm_err)?;
index += 1;
}
Ok(index)
}
/// Estimate gas needed for execution of the `request` at the [`BlockId`].
fn estimate_gas_at(
&self,
request: TransactionRequest,
at: BlockId,
state_override: Option<StateOverride>,
) -> impl Future<Output = Result<U256, Self::Error>> + Send
where
Self: LoadPendingBlock,
{
async move {
let (cfg, block_env, at) = self.evm_env_at(at).await?;
self.spawn_blocking_io(move |this| {
let state = this.state_at_block_id(at)?;
this.estimate_gas_with(cfg, block_env, request, state, state_override)
})
.await
}
}
/// Estimates the gas usage of the `request` with the state.
///
/// This will execute the [`TransactionRequest`] and find the best gas limit via binary search.
///
/// ## EVM settings
///
/// This modifies certain EVM settings to mirror geth's `SkipAccountChecks` when transacting requests, see also: <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/380688c636a654becc8f114438c2a5d93d2db032/core/state_transition.go#L145-L148>:
///
/// - `disable_eip3607` is set to `true`
/// - `disable_base_fee` is set to `true`
/// - `nonce` is set to `None`
fn estimate_gas_with<S>(
&self,
mut cfg: CfgEnvWithHandlerCfg,
block: BlockEnv,
mut request: TransactionRequest,
state: S,
state_override: Option<StateOverride>,
) -> Result<U256, Self::Error>
where
S: StateProvider,
{
// Disabled because eth_estimateGas is sometimes used with eoa senders
// See <https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth/issues/1959>
cfg.disable_eip3607 = true;
// The basefee should be ignored for eth_estimateGas and similar
// See:
// <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/ee8e83fa5f6cb261dad2ed0a7bbcde4930c41e6c/internal/ethapi/api.go#L985>
cfg.disable_base_fee = true;
// set nonce to None so that the correct nonce is chosen by the EVM
request.nonce = None;
// Keep a copy of gas related request values
let tx_request_gas_limit = request.gas;
let tx_request_gas_price = request.gas_price;
let block_env_gas_limit = block.gas_limit;
// Determine the highest possible gas limit, considering both the request's specified limit
// and the block's limit.
let mut highest_gas_limit = tx_request_gas_limit
.map(|tx_gas_limit| U256::from(tx_gas_limit).max(block_env_gas_limit))
.unwrap_or(block_env_gas_limit);
// Configure the evm env
let mut env = self.build_call_evm_env(cfg, block, request)?;
let mut db = CacheDB::new(StateProviderDatabase::new(state));
// Apply any state overrides if specified.
if let Some(state_override) = state_override {
apply_state_overrides(state_override, &mut db).map_err(Self::Error::from_eth_err)?;
}
// Optimize for simple transfer transactions, potentially reducing the gas estimate.
if env.tx.data.is_empty() {
if let TransactTo::Call(to) = env.tx.transact_to {
if let Ok(code) = db.db.account_code(to) {
let no_code_callee = code.map(|code| code.is_empty()).unwrap_or(true);
if no_code_callee {
// If the tx is a simple transfer (call to an account with no code) we can
// shortcircuit. But simply returning
// `MIN_TRANSACTION_GAS` is dangerous because there might be additional
// field combos that bump the price up, so we try executing the function
// with the minimum gas limit to make sure.
let mut env = env.clone();
env.tx.gas_limit = MIN_TRANSACTION_GAS;
if let Ok((res, _)) = self.transact(&mut db, env) {
if res.result.is_success() {
return Ok(U256::from(MIN_TRANSACTION_GAS))
}
}
}
}
}
}
// Check funds of the sender (only useful to check if transaction gas price is more than 0).
//
// The caller allowance is check by doing `(account.balance - tx.value) / tx.gas_price`
if env.tx.gas_price > U256::ZERO {
// cap the highest gas limit by max gas caller can afford with given gas price
highest_gas_limit = highest_gas_limit
.min(caller_gas_allowance(&mut db, &env.tx).map_err(Self::Error::from_eth_err)?);
}
// We can now normalize the highest gas limit to a u64
let mut highest_gas_limit: u64 = highest_gas_limit
.try_into()
.unwrap_or_else(|_| self.provider().chain_spec().max_gas_limit());
// If the provided gas limit is less than computed cap, use that
env.tx.gas_limit = env.tx.gas_limit.min(highest_gas_limit);
trace!(target: "rpc::eth::estimate", ?env, "Starting gas estimation");
// Execute the transaction with the highest possible gas limit.
let (mut res, mut env) = match self.transact(&mut db, env.clone()) {
// Handle the exceptional case where the transaction initialization uses too much gas.
// If the gas price or gas limit was specified in the request, retry the transaction
// with the block's gas limit to determine if the failure was due to
// insufficient gas.
Err(err)
if err.is_gas_too_high() &&
(tx_request_gas_limit.is_some() || tx_request_gas_price.is_some()) =>
{
return Err(self.map_out_of_gas_err(block_env_gas_limit, env, &mut db))
}
// Propagate other results (successful or other errors).
ethres => ethres?,
};
let gas_refund = match res.result {
ExecutionResult::Success { gas_refunded, .. } => gas_refunded,
ExecutionResult::Halt { reason, gas_used } => {
// here we don't check for invalid opcode because already executed with highest gas
// limit
return Err(RpcInvalidTransactionError::halt(reason, gas_used).into_eth_err())
}
ExecutionResult::Revert { output, .. } => {
// if price or limit was included in the request then we can execute the request
// again with the block's gas limit to check if revert is gas related or not
return if tx_request_gas_limit.is_some() || tx_request_gas_price.is_some() {
Err(self.map_out_of_gas_err(block_env_gas_limit, env, &mut db))
} else {
// the transaction did revert
Err(RpcInvalidTransactionError::Revert(RevertError::new(output)).into_eth_err())
}
}
};
// At this point we know the call succeeded but want to find the _best_ (lowest) gas the
// transaction succeeds with. We find this by doing a binary search over the possible range.
// we know the tx succeeded with the configured gas limit, so we can use that as the
// highest, in case we applied a gas cap due to caller allowance above
highest_gas_limit = env.tx.gas_limit;
// NOTE: this is the gas the transaction used, which is less than the
// transaction requires to succeed.
let mut gas_used = res.result.gas_used();
// the lowest value is capped by the gas used by the unconstrained transaction
let mut lowest_gas_limit = gas_used.saturating_sub(1);
// As stated in Geth, there is a good chance that the transaction will pass if we set the
// gas limit to the execution gas used plus the gas refund, so we check this first
// <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/a5a4fa7032bb248f5a7c40f4e8df2b131c4186a4/eth/gasestimator/gasestimator.go#L135
//
// Calculate the optimistic gas limit by adding gas used and gas refund,
// then applying a 64/63 multiplier to account for gas forwarding rules.
let optimistic_gas_limit = (gas_used + gas_refund + CALL_STIPEND_GAS) * 64 / 63;
if optimistic_gas_limit < highest_gas_limit {
// Set the transaction's gas limit to the calculated optimistic gas limit.
env.tx.gas_limit = optimistic_gas_limit;
// Re-execute the transaction with the new gas limit and update the result and
// environment.
(res, env) = self.transact(&mut db, env)?;
// Update the gas used based on the new result.
gas_used = res.result.gas_used();
// Update the gas limit estimates (highest and lowest) based on the execution result.
self.update_estimated_gas_range(
res.result,
optimistic_gas_limit,
&mut highest_gas_limit,
&mut lowest_gas_limit,
)?;
};
// Pick a point that's close to the estimated gas
let mut mid_gas_limit = std::cmp::min(
gas_used * 3,
((highest_gas_limit as u128 + lowest_gas_limit as u128) / 2) as u64,
);
trace!(target: "rpc::eth::estimate", ?env, ?highest_gas_limit, ?lowest_gas_limit, ?mid_gas_limit, "Starting binary search for gas");
// Binary search narrows the range to find the minimum gas limit needed for the transaction
// to succeed.
while (highest_gas_limit - lowest_gas_limit) > 1 {
// An estimation error is allowed once the current gas limit range used in the binary
// search is small enough (less than 1.5% of the highest gas limit)
// <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/a5a4fa7032bb248f5a7c40f4e8df2b131c4186a4/eth/gasestimator/gasestimator.go#L152
if (highest_gas_limit - lowest_gas_limit) as f64 / (highest_gas_limit as f64) <
ESTIMATE_GAS_ERROR_RATIO
{
break
};
env.tx.gas_limit = mid_gas_limit;
// Execute transaction and handle potential gas errors, adjusting limits accordingly.
match self.transact(&mut db, env.clone()) {
Err(err) if err.is_gas_too_high() => {
// Increase the lowest gas limit if gas is too high
lowest_gas_limit = mid_gas_limit;
}
// Handle other cases, including successful transactions.
ethres => {
// Unpack the result and environment if the transaction was successful.
(res, env) = ethres?;
// Update the estimated gas range based on the transaction result.
self.update_estimated_gas_range(
res.result,
mid_gas_limit,
&mut highest_gas_limit,
&mut lowest_gas_limit,
)?;
}
}
// New midpoint
mid_gas_limit = ((highest_gas_limit as u128 + lowest_gas_limit as u128) / 2) as u64;
}
Ok(U256::from(highest_gas_limit))
}
/// Updates the highest and lowest gas limits for binary search based on the execution result.
///
/// This function refines the gas limit estimates used in a binary search to find the optimal
/// gas limit for a transaction. It adjusts the highest or lowest gas limits depending on
/// whether the execution succeeded, reverted, or halted due to specific reasons.
#[inline]
fn update_estimated_gas_range(
&self,
result: ExecutionResult,
tx_gas_limit: u64,
highest_gas_limit: &mut u64,
lowest_gas_limit: &mut u64,
) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
match result {
ExecutionResult::Success { .. } => {
// Cap the highest gas limit with the succeeding gas limit.
*highest_gas_limit = tx_gas_limit;
}
ExecutionResult::Revert { .. } => {
// Increase the lowest gas limit.
*lowest_gas_limit = tx_gas_limit;
}
ExecutionResult::Halt { reason, .. } => {
match reason {
HaltReason::OutOfGas(_) | HaltReason::InvalidFEOpcode => {
// Both `OutOfGas` and `InvalidEFOpcode` can occur dynamically if the gas
// left is too low. Treat this as an out of gas
// condition, knowing that the call succeeds with a
// higher gas limit.
//
// Common usage of invalid opcode in OpenZeppelin:
// <https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/94697be8a3f0dfcd95dfb13ffbd39b5973f5c65d/contracts/metatx/ERC2771Forwarder.sol#L360-L367>
// Increase the lowest gas limit.
*lowest_gas_limit = tx_gas_limit;
}
err => {
// These cases should be unreachable because we know the transaction
// succeeds, but if they occur, treat them as an
// error.
return Err(RpcInvalidTransactionError::EvmHalt(err).into_eth_err())
}
}
}
};
Ok(())
}
/// Executes the requests again after an out of gas error to check if the error is gas related
/// or not
#[inline]
fn map_out_of_gas_err<S>(
&self,
env_gas_limit: U256,
mut env: EnvWithHandlerCfg,
db: &mut CacheDB<StateProviderDatabase<S>>,
) -> Self::Error
where
S: StateProvider,
{
let req_gas_limit = env.tx.gas_limit;
env.tx.gas_limit = env_gas_limit.try_into().unwrap_or(u64::MAX);
let (res, _) = match self.transact(db, env) {
Ok(res) => res,
Err(err) => return err,
};
match res.result {
ExecutionResult::Success { .. } => {
// transaction succeeded by manually increasing the gas limit to
// highest, which means the caller lacks funds to pay for the tx
RpcInvalidTransactionError::BasicOutOfGas(req_gas_limit).into_eth_err()
}
ExecutionResult::Revert { output, .. } => {
// reverted again after bumping the limit
RpcInvalidTransactionError::Revert(RevertError::new(output)).into_eth_err()
}
ExecutionResult::Halt { reason, .. } => {
RpcInvalidTransactionError::EvmHalt(reason).into_eth_err()
}
}
}
/// Configures a new [`TxEnv`] for the [`TransactionRequest`]
///
/// All [`TxEnv`] fields are derived from the given [`TransactionRequest`], if fields are
/// `None`, they fall back to the [`BlockEnv`]'s settings.
fn create_txn_env(
&self,
block_env: &BlockEnv,
request: TransactionRequest,
) -> Result<TxEnv, Self::Error> {
// Ensure that if versioned hashes are set, they're not empty
if request.blob_versioned_hashes.as_ref().map_or(false, |hashes| hashes.is_empty()) {
return Err(RpcInvalidTransactionError::BlobTransactionMissingBlobHashes.into_eth_err())
}
let TransactionRequest {
from,
to,
gas_price,
max_fee_per_gas,
max_priority_fee_per_gas,
gas,
value,
input,
nonce,
access_list,
chain_id,
blob_versioned_hashes,
max_fee_per_blob_gas,
authorization_list,
transaction_type: _,
sidecar: _,
} = request;
let CallFees { max_priority_fee_per_gas, gas_price, max_fee_per_blob_gas } =
CallFees::ensure_fees(
gas_price.map(U256::from),
max_fee_per_gas.map(U256::from),
max_priority_fee_per_gas.map(U256::from),
block_env.basefee,
blob_versioned_hashes.as_deref(),
max_fee_per_blob_gas.map(U256::from),
block_env.get_blob_gasprice().map(U256::from),
)?;
let gas_limit = gas.unwrap_or_else(|| block_env.gas_limit.min(U256::from(u64::MAX)).to());
#[allow(clippy::needless_update)]
let env = TxEnv {
gas_limit,
nonce,
caller: from.unwrap_or_default(),
gas_price,
gas_priority_fee: max_priority_fee_per_gas,
transact_to: to.unwrap_or(TxKind::Create),
value: value.unwrap_or_default(),
data: input
.try_into_unique_input()
.map_err(Self::Error::from_eth_err)?
.unwrap_or_default(),
chain_id,
access_list: access_list.unwrap_or_default().into(),
// EIP-4844 fields
blob_hashes: blob_versioned_hashes.unwrap_or_default(),
max_fee_per_blob_gas,
// EIP-7702 fields
authorization_list: authorization_list.map(Into::into),
..Default::default()
};
Ok(env)
}
/// Creates a new [`EnvWithHandlerCfg`] to be used for executing the [`TransactionRequest`] in
/// `eth_call`.
///
/// Note: this does _not_ access the Database to check the sender.
fn build_call_evm_env(
&self,
cfg: CfgEnvWithHandlerCfg,
block: BlockEnv,
request: TransactionRequest,
) -> Result<EnvWithHandlerCfg, Self::Error> {
let tx = self.create_txn_env(&block, request)?;
Ok(EnvWithHandlerCfg::new_with_cfg_env(cfg, block, tx))
}
/// Prepares the [`EnvWithHandlerCfg`] for execution.
///
/// Does not commit any changes to the underlying database.
///
/// ## EVM settings
///
/// This modifies certain EVM settings to mirror geth's `SkipAccountChecks` when transacting requests, see also: <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/380688c636a654becc8f114438c2a5d93d2db032/core/state_transition.go#L145-L148>:
///
/// - `disable_eip3607` is set to `true`
/// - `disable_base_fee` is set to `true`
/// - `nonce` is set to `None`
///
/// Additionally, the block gas limit so that higher tx gas limits can be used in `eth_call`.
/// - `disable_block_gas_limit` is set to `true`
fn prepare_call_env<DB>(
&self,
mut cfg: CfgEnvWithHandlerCfg,
mut block: BlockEnv,
mut request: TransactionRequest,
db: &mut CacheDB<DB>,
overrides: EvmOverrides,
) -> Result<EnvWithHandlerCfg, Self::Error>
where
DB: DatabaseRef,
EthApiError: From<<DB as DatabaseRef>::Error>,
{
if request.gas > Some(self.call_gas_limit()) {
// configured gas exceeds limit
return Err(
EthApiError::InvalidTransaction(RpcInvalidTransactionError::GasTooHigh).into()
)
}
// Disabled because eth_call is sometimes used with eoa senders
// See <https://github.com/paradigmxyz/reth/issues/1959>
cfg.disable_eip3607 = true;
// The basefee should be ignored for eth_call
// See:
// <https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/blob/ee8e83fa5f6cb261dad2ed0a7bbcde4930c41e6c/internal/ethapi/api.go#L985>
cfg.disable_base_fee = true;
// set nonce to None so that the correct nonce is chosen by the EVM
request.nonce = None;
if let Some(block_overrides) = overrides.block {
apply_block_overrides(*block_overrides, db, &mut block);
}
if let Some(state_overrides) = overrides.state {
apply_state_overrides(state_overrides, db)?;
}
let request_gas = request.gas;
let mut env = self.build_call_evm_env(cfg, block, request)?;
if request_gas.is_none() {
// No gas limit was provided in the request, so we need to cap the transaction gas limit
if env.tx.gas_price > U256::ZERO {
// If gas price is specified, cap transaction gas limit with caller allowance
trace!(target: "rpc::eth::call", ?env, "Applying gas limit cap with caller allowance");
cap_tx_gas_limit_with_caller_allowance(db, &mut env.tx)?;
} else {
// If no gas price is specified, use maximum allowed gas limit. The reason for this
// is that both Erigon and Geth use pre-configured gas cap even if
// it's possible to derive the gas limit from the block:
// <https://github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/blob/eae2d9a79cb70dbe30b3a6b79c436872e4605458/cmd/rpcdaemon/commands/trace_adhoc.go#L956
// https://github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/blob/eae2d9a79cb70dbe30b3a6b79c436872e4605458/eth/ethconfig/config.go#L94>
trace!(target: "rpc::eth::call", ?env, "Applying gas limit cap as the maximum gas limit");
env.tx.gas_limit = self.call_gas_limit();
}
}
Ok(env)
}
}